Rabu, 18 April 2018

Business English 2 - Task 2 (Motivation Letter)


Dear,
Graduate Selection Committee

I am writing to express my interest in applying for a Master’s Degree Programme in Design Studies. I believe my educational background in Information System would support my vision in design studies.

I’m a 4th year student in information system undergraduate programme at Gunadarma University. I mostly study to create a computer system and how to manage the system. I always really interest in design in general because a design is simply the first thing that most of the people look in a thing. I also find some similarity between creating information system and designing a thing. I live in Indonesia where design isn’t a highlight in this country. It is always country like Frace, Italy, England, Japan, America that this world seems to appreciate in their design  also their design in my opinion is really original and recognizable. The fact that nowdays in Indonesia, there are many people starting “start-up company” and embrace their own idea including their vision in design makes me want to contribute in the same area to Indonesia.

In Indonesia most people still prefer other country design because the image of the product even though the product itself is not the best quality. I have to admit that most imported products here do have a better quality and the better design as well. But there are some  local product that have good quality but maybe not so good design wise. That factor really inspired me to learn more to create good design. I prefer Harvard or America especially, because the diversity there. Indonesia is pretty similar where we also have really diverse culture that involve in design. I believe by studying abroud, I will get a new perspective and knowledge in design.

Another reason for choosing this specific Master Programme comes from the fact that in the near future I would like to get to know more things about design with the computer. I already got some ideas in my head, but unfortunately until now I did not have the right knowledge and the right tools for putting them in practice and that is why I know that this Master Programme would be an excellent starting point for me. Also if I will get selected for this programme I will have the opportunity to learn from the best and the fact that I will study in an international environment will give me the privilege to create new relationships with people from different cultures. I am also aware of the kind of dedication and perseverance I will need to have for achieving the best results in the field and I believe my background will support me for such a Master Programme.

It is part of my vision to be a good designer and create something useful for humanity. Finally I can say that I look forward to join this Master Degree Programme in Design Studies in order to get new skills and I will be patiently waiting for a positive reply.



Yours truly,




Aditya Noor Fauzi




LINK of the University :  http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/design-studies/



Selasa, 20 Maret 2018

Business English 2 - Task 1


1.1.          BACKGROUND

Business English’ is the wide-embracing term that is used to describe the type of English that is used by people to do business. ‘English for Business focuses on the English language skills necessary to communicate in an increasingly global business environment.’ The range of different subject areas included under the umbrella term ‘Business English’ is wide. The Oxford Business English Dictionary includes the following areas : accounting, commerce, e-commerce, economics, finance, HR, insurance, IT, law, manufacturing, marketing, production, property, the stock exchange, (international) trade, transport.


Scientific Work Dissemination





               















               
                So in this post, I would like to share my experience as speaker in a scientific dissemination on 6th March 2018. This post is part of my softskill assignment to analyze this post which I will do after finishing this post. In a brief, this dissemination that I participated is an event where there are 8 speakers consist of 4 penelitian ilmiah speakers (including me) and 4 skripsi speakers. We did a precentation about our own scientific work and share the process and also gave some tips in a hope that the audience have a better understanding. This event was officially held by the University of Gunadarma and located in D building, Depok. This event was opened to every student but they have to enroll in Gunadarma website and this event has a quota up to 300 people if I’m not mistaken.
               I think I will start by telling you the process of how I can participate in the dissemination. Alright, first of all before the university invite me to the event, I didn’t know anything about it nor know that the event is exist. In 2nd March 2018 which is a few days before the event begin, I got a message from Mrs. Ana who is the secretary in my major. She said that the university had invited me to be a speaker in scientific work dissemination on 6th March 2018. My first tough was “What? How is that possible?” because I think there are many of my friends that have better scientific work. I also felt butterflies in my stomach after hearing the message, on one side I felt honored to be chosen but on the other hand I felt nervous about having to speak in front of many people which I had never done before. After a bit of thought, I decided to reply that I thanked for the opportunity but I wasn’t ready to be a speaker in such event and I also had a class in that day. But, Mrs. Ana replied that I had chosen directly by Mr. Setia who is the Head of Sistem Informasi Major and she would contact my teacher for the class. So yeah, I didn’t have any reason anymore to refuse the offer then I replied to Mrs. Ana that I would take it. After that, I asked Mrs. Ana “What kind of topic I should present?”. Then, she joined me into a group chat fill with speakers for the event where she was giving us the details of the event.
               Those 4 days prior to the event, I kept thinking about the presentation and feeling nervous. Maybe this is sound exaggerate, but that’s simply what I felt. Most of the time, I always feel nervous to talk in front of people like this, especially if I don’t prepare for it. Due to that reason, I made a list of the things that I would presented and found a way to make it interesting. On Saturday which is 3 days before the event, I spent my weekend in Bandung with my family and I also hoped that this trip will tone down my nervous. I went to Bandung for 2 days and back to Jakarta on Sunday and it actually helped to tone down my nervous feeling for quite a bit. After I came back to Jakarta, that nervous feeling started to kicks in again, I guess this is just the nature of me. Another thing that helped my nervous feeling is my class on Monday, I was just having a social interaction as usual with my friends in class and strangely that helped. The night before the event, I rehearsed a little bit by remembering things that I had planed before.
               On to the next day, the event was started at 01.00 PM according to the schedule. I went to the Campus D in from Jakarta at 09.00 AM by train and my house is in Duren Sawit, Jakarta by the way. So, I planned to have more time when I got there by went more early. It took about 1 hour and a half to get there depending on the condition, so I got there at somewhere between 10.30 AM I believe. I spent the time by resting in mosque and wait until Dzuhur time. After I did Dzuhur pray, I went to the meeting room to had lunch with other speakers and Sistem Informasi staff before the event. Apparently, the clock said the time was 02.00 PM and the event was not even started yet. While I was there, I met 3 others Penelitian Ilmiah speakers and 4 Skripsi speakers. Those people are Aldo, Clara, Risma from Penelitihan Ilmiah and Andina, Elisa, Satria (there is one more but I forget by the way) from Skripsi. Before the event was started, we talk a little bit about our scientific work and what kind of topic that would be presented. After waited for like 1 hour, finally the event was started and the time said it was 02.30 PM so we can call this really ngaret. The staff gave a briefing before we enter the room.
               On to the event, so the event was just begun and “heck yeah…” there was a lot of people as I expected but it wasn’t 300 people I believe because there was a lot of empty chair. The moderator was calling our name (speakers) one by one to came to the stage and apparently I was the number one. So the event began with penelitian ilmiah speakers first and followed by skripsi speakers. So I was the first one from them all and wow... this butterfly in stomach effect started to rush again. I felt so nervous but I had to start anyway, first I introduced myself and said gratitude to the audience and the staff and I continued by presenting my scientific work on powerpoint slides. Basically, I pretty much followed my plan when talked which are telling the audience my scientific work, giving some tips, share my experience, and demoing my website, but I feel like my presentation was all over the place due to my nervous felling. So, I created a website as my scientific work called “KuisionerMahasiswa” it is a mainly survey website that targeted the student to give them facility in reviewing their teacher, but there is also a student forum to talk about facility in the university. My powerpoint slides starts with my reason to choose that as my scientific work and my goals with the website. Before I went into more technical part in my presentation, I shared some experience in the making process and my tips. I think this part of sharing my experience is the more interesting one rather than the technical part because it is easier to understand. A little bit about my experience in making the website, I will describe it as fun and exhausting. The fun part is when you work with the program because I find it to be challenging to fix a problem in programming and I also learn from the very basic level in creating this website because I didn’t have any experience or knowledge in website programming. The exhausting part is when you have to go to Depok just to have a meeting with your teacher/lecturer, this is really time and energy consuming activity but you have to do it anyway. Here are some tips that I gave during my presentation :
  • Create a working group based on your type of system. For the example, I created a website system so I grouped up with some of my friends that also created website.
  • When you stuck while programming, just ask your friends that have a better knowledge or simply browse it on the internet.
  • If you are like me whom from the beginning don’t know anything about the environment of system that you try to create, you can start more early to learn about it. Because from my experience it will take much longer time with such condition.
  • When you meet the lecturer looking for the correction or advice, make sure you understand the whole concept of your project. So when you try to communicate it to your lecturer, the will have a good understanding  to the concept as well and it will leads to better (more suitable) suggestion/advice.
  • Manage your time. To be honest I didn’t have good time management back then but that’s why I recommend this to you. When you have good time management, chances are your project will finish faster and you will have more time for the holiday.

After those explanation and tips, I did a demo for my website to wrapped up the presentation. They gave us 15 minutes for each presentation, I think I did it just around 15 minutes so it was good. The event continued by other speakers. They all have interesting system and they seem more confident when presented it so I was like “why did I feel so nervous? Alright, should be better next time”. Their scientific work are various from website, augmented reality, and desktop program for the penelitian ilmiah. From the skripsi, there are data mining, text mining, and virtual reality. There is one that really stood me, it is aldo’s penelitian ilmiah. Don’t get me wrong they are all good, but what is different from aldo’s work is he used real data from public library. He created a website for that public library so the reader can rate and give comment to the book that they’ve read. For penelitian ilmiah level using data from other institution like that is rare. In fact, to look after the permission for getting those data from the university is quite complicated thing to do. I really praise his passion for did such thing. Because I’m in my last semester right now and in the process of making skripsi so I paid attention to the skripsi speakers and like I said before most of them created either data mining or text mining. I actually also consider data mining for my own skripsi because there are many program on the internet that I can look up to but I  still not sure. I didn’t get much about skripsi from the event maybe because the duration but it was inspire me with more idea for my skripsi. After the event had done, I just straight went home. I felt so tired even though I didn’t do anything else beside sat and talked.
In summary, this event is a completely new experience for me. To be chosen as a speakers, meeting new friends, sharing our scientific work, etc. So what do I learn on this event. First, there are some people out there in Gunadarma that has amazing passion on what they doing. Second, It is not too bad to talk in front of many people and I should be less overthinking about it. Third, putting more effort on things you do can leads to better result. Even if the result itself is not always be the main highlight, you will have more satisfaction to push yourself to create something even better.



1.2.          THEORY AND ANALYSIS

1.      Indefinite Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object, being, or place to which they refer.

Indefinite pronouns include partitives such as any, anybody, anyone, either, neither, nobody, no, someone, and some; they also include universals such as every, all, both, and each; finally, they include quantifiers including any, some, several, enough, many, and much. Many indefinite pronouns can also function as determiners.

2.      Personal Pronoun
A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is associated primarily with a particular person, in the grammatical sense.


When discussing “person” in terms of the grammatical, the following rules apply:
  • First person, as in “I”
  • Second person, as in “you”
  • Third person, as in “It, he, she”

Comparing Subject and Object Pronouns
Use the following table to compare subject and object pronouns. Notice that some subject pronouns are identical to certain object pronouns.

Subject Pronoun
Object Pronoun
It
It
You
You
What
What
I
Me
He
Him
She
Her
We
Us
Who
Whom
They
Them



3.      Reflexive Pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that is preceded by the adverbadjectivepronoun, or noun to which it refers, so long as that antecedent is located within the same clause.


Reflexive Pronouns List
As you read through the following list of reflexive pronouns, consider ways to use them in sentences like the ones in the preceding section.
  • Myself
  • Yourself
  • Herself
  • Himself
  • Itself
  • Yourselves
  • Ourselves
  • Themselves

4.      Demonstrative Pronoun
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural.


When used to represent a thing or things, demonstrative pronouns can be either near or far in distance or time:
  • Near in time or distance: this, these
  • Far in time or distance: that, those
Because there are only a few demonstrative pronouns in the English language, there are just three simple rules for using them correctly. Remember them and you will have no difficulty using these surprisingly interesting parts of speech.
  • Demonstrative pronouns always identify nouns, whether those nouns are named specifically or not. For example: “I can’t believe this.” We have no idea what “this” is, but it’s definitely something the writer cannot believe. It exists, even though we don’t know what it is.
  • Demonstrative pronouns are usually used to describe animals, places, or things, however they can be used to describe people when the person is identified, i.e., This sounds like Mary singing.
  • Do not confuse demonstrative adjectives with demonstrative pronouns. The words are identical, but demonstrative adjectives qualify nouns, whereas demonstrative pronouns stand alone.
Demonstrative pronouns can be used in place of a noun, so long as the noun being replaced can be understood from the pronoun’s context. Although this concept might seem a bit confusing at first, the following examples of demonstrative pronouns will add clarity.

Demonstrative Pronouns Examples
In the following examples, demonstrative pronouns have been italicized for ease of identification.
  • This was my mother’s ring.
  • That looks like the car I used to drive.
  • These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.
  • Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.
  • Such was her command over the English language.
  • None of these answers are correct.
  • Neither of the horses can be ridden.

5.      Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are those designating possession. They may also be used as substitutes for noun phrases, and they are typically found at the end of a sentence or clause. There are only a few possessive pronouns in the English language, and there are only two specific rules for using them correctly. Keep these rules in mind when using possessive pronouns, and you’ll discover that writing properly is easier.


A possessive pronoun is used to avoid repeating information that has already been made clear. These useful pronouns make sentences less confusing, as you’ll see when you read the following sentences containing examples of possessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns List
The following list of possessive pronouns is accompanied by a list of corresponding subjects. While other subjects may be substituted, the following examples give the possessive pronouns context.


Subject
Possessive Pronoun
It
Its
I
My, Mine
You
Your
She
Her, Hers
He
His
We
Our, Ours
They
Their, Theirs
You (plural)
Yours


6.      Relative Pronoun 
A relative pronoun is one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned previously, whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas. Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.


A possessive pronoun is used to avoid repeating information that has already been made clear. These useful pronouns make sentences less confusing, as you’ll see when you read the following sentences containing examples of possessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns List
The following list of possessive pronouns is accompanied by a list of corresponding subjects. While other subjects may be substituted, the following examples give the possessive pronouns context.


Subject
Possessive Pronoun
It
Its
I
My, Mine
You
Your
She
Her, Hers
He
His
We
Our, Ours
They
Their, Theirs
You (plural)
Yours

7.      Interrogative Pronoun
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is used to make asking questions easy. There are just five interrogative pronouns. Each one is used to ask a very specific question or indirect question. Some, such as “who” and “whom,” refer only to people. Others can be used to refer to objects or people. Once you are familiar with interrogative pronouns, you’ll find that it’s very easy to use them in a variety of situations.


Interrogative pronouns can also be used as relative pronouns, which may be found in questions or indirect questions. You’ll know for certain that a pronoun is classified as an interrogative when it’s used in an inquiring way, because interrogative pronouns are found only in question and indirect questions.

The five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose.

In some cases, interrogative pronouns take on the suffix –ever. A few can also take on the old-fashioned suffix –soever, which is rarely seen in writing these days. For example:

  • Whatever
  • Whatsoever
  • Whichever
  • Whoever
  • Whosoever
  • Whomever
  • Whomsoever
  • Whosever

8.      Reciprocal Pronoun
A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which is used to indicate that two or more people are carrying out or have carried out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits or consequences of that action simultaneously. Any time something is done or given in return, reciprocal pronouns are used. The same is true any time mutual action is expressed.


There are only two reciprocal pronouns. Both of them allow you to make sentences simpler. They are especially useful when you need to express the same general idea more than once.
  • Each other
  • One another

Reciprocal pronouns are easy to use. When you want to refer to two people, you will normally use “each other.” When referring to more than two people, for example the students in a lecture hall, you will normally use “one another.”

Example :
  1. Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.
  2. Maria and Juan kissed each other at the end of the ceremony.
  3. The kids spent the afternoon kicking the ball to one another.

9.      Intensive Pronoun
An intensive pronoun is almost identical to a reflexive pronoun. It is defined as a pronoun that ends in self or selves and places emphasis on its antecedent by referring back to another noun or pronoun used earlier in the sentence. For this reason, intensive pronouns are sometimes called emphatic pronouns.


You can test a word to see whether it’s an intensive pronoun by removing it from the sentence and checking to see if the sentence has the same impact.

Reflexive vs. Intensive Pronouns
You can tell the difference between a reflexive pronoun and an intensive pronoun easily: Intensive pronouns aren’t essential to a sentence’s basic meaning. Understanding this basic difference will help to prevent you from confusing the two.
Both intensive and reflexive pronouns end in the suffix –self or –selves, however reflexive pronouns are always objects that refer to a sentence’s subject. The following example shows a reflexive pronoun in action:

Jim made himself coffee.

Without the reflexive pronoun himself, it would be impossible for the reader to know who Jim made coffee for.

In the next example, himself is used as an intensive pronoun. The reader would be able to understand the sentence’s complete meaning without this pronoun, but it serves to add emphasis:

Jim made coffee for the king himself.

Here, himself refers to the king rather than to Jim. The reader is meant to be impressed that Jim made coffee for the king.

Common Intensive Pronouns
The following list contains the most commonly used examples of intensive pronouns.
  • Himself
  • Herself
  • Yourself
  • Themselves
  • Ourselves

Intensive pronouns might not be necessary, but they serve the important function of making your writing more interesting as well as more meaningful, particularly in formal situations. Use them sparingly to ensure that the emphasis they provide isn’t lost.


Example :
  1. Jesse wondered aloud whether he himself was the only one seeing what was happening.
  2. Maria knew that she herself could make a positive impact on the world, if only she put her      mind to it.
  3. You yourself can easily transform your body: All it takes is a proper diet and plenty of exercise.

1.3. ANALYSIS

Pronouns Type
Example from my post
  1. “I think there are many of my friends that have better scientific work” – 2nd Paragraph
  2. “They gave us 15 minutes for each presentation” – 6th Paragraph
  3. “there are many program on the internet that I can look up to but I  still not sure” -- 6th Paragraph
  4. “I didn’t know anything about it nor know that the event is exist” – 2nd Paragraph
  5. “you will have more satisfaction to push yourself to create something even better.” – 7th Paragraph
  6. “I created a website system so I grouped up with some of my friends that also created website.” – 5th Paragraph


  1. We did a precentation about our own scientific work” – 1st Paragraph
  2. I kept thinking about the presentation and feeling nervous” – 3rd Paragraph
  3. They all have interesting system” – 6th Paragraph



  1.  “I introduced myself and said gratitude to the audience” – 5th Paragraph
  2. “Even if the result itself is not always be the main highlight” – 7th Paragraph
  3. “you will have more satisfaction to push yourself to create something even better.” – 7th Paragraph

  1. “In a brief, this dissemination that I participated is an event where…” – 1st Paragraph
  2. “So in this post, I would like to share my experience” – 1st Paragraph
  3. “After those explanation and tips” – 6th Paragraph
  4. “I really praise his passion for did such thing” – 6th Paragraph
  5. “My powerpoint slides starts with my reason to choose that as my scientific work…” – 5th Paragraph


  1. “Create a working group based on your type of system.”—5th Paragraph
  2. “we talk a little bit about our scientific work” – 1st Paragraph
  3. Their scientific work are various” – 6th Paragraph
  4. “I really praise his passion for did such thing” – 6th Paragraph


  1. “I got a message from Mrs. Ana who is the secretary in my major” – 2nd Paragraph
  2. “I had chosen directly by Mr. Setia who is the Head of Sistem Informasi Major” – 2nd Paragraph
  3. “If you are like me whom from the beginning don’t know anything…” – 5th Paragraph
  4. “In 2nd March 2018 which is a few days before the event begin” – 2nd Paragraph


  1. What kind of topic I should present?” – 2nd Paragraph

N/A
N/A



1.4. CONCLUSION

According to the source, pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase, which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of the preposition, and more. There are 9 types of pronoun. Those are Indefinite Pronouns, Personal Pronoun, Reflexive Pronoun, Demonstrative Pronoun, Possessive Pronouns, Relative Pronoun, Interrogative Pronoun, Reciprocal Pronoun, and Intensive Pronoun. From the analysis of my post, I use 7 types of pronoun except Reciprocal Pronoun, and Intensive Pronoun


  
SOURCE :