1.1.
BACKGROUND
Business English’ is the wide-embracing term that is used to describe
the type of English that is used by people to do business. ‘English for
Business focuses on the English language skills necessary to communicate in an
increasingly global business environment.’ The range of different subject areas
included under the umbrella term ‘Business English’ is wide. The Oxford Business English Dictionary includes the
following areas : accounting, commerce, e-commerce, economics, finance, HR,
insurance, IT, law, manufacturing, marketing, production, property, the stock
exchange, (international) trade, transport.
Scientific
Work Dissemination
So in this post, I would like to share my experience as speaker in a scientific dissemination on 6th March 2018. This post is part of my softskill assignment to analyze this post which I will do after finishing this post. In a brief, this dissemination that I participated is an event where there are 8 speakers consist of 4 penelitian ilmiah speakers (including me) and 4 skripsi speakers. We did a precentation about our own scientific work and share the process and also gave some tips in a hope that the audience have a better understanding. This event was officially held by the University of Gunadarma and located in D building, Depok. This event was opened to every student but they have to enroll in Gunadarma website and this event has a quota up to 300 people if I’m not mistaken.
I think I will start by telling
you the process of how I can participate in the dissemination. Alright, first
of all before the university invite me to the event, I didn’t know anything
about it nor know that the event is exist. In 2nd March 2018 which
is a few days before the event begin, I got a message from Mrs. Ana who is the
secretary in my major. She said that the university had invited me to be a
speaker in scientific work dissemination on 6th March 2018. My first
tough was “What? How is that possible?” because I think there are many of my
friends that have better scientific work. I also felt butterflies in my stomach
after hearing the message, on one side I felt honored to be chosen but on the
other hand I felt nervous about having to speak in front of many people which I
had never done before. After a bit of thought, I decided to reply that I
thanked for the opportunity but I wasn’t ready to be a speaker in such event and
I also had a class in that day. But, Mrs. Ana replied that I had chosen directly
by Mr. Setia who is the Head of Sistem
Informasi Major and she would contact my teacher for the class. So yeah, I
didn’t have any reason anymore to refuse the offer then I replied to Mrs. Ana
that I would take it. After that, I asked Mrs. Ana “What kind of topic I should
present?”. Then, she joined me into a group chat fill with speakers for the
event where she was giving us the details of the event.
Those 4 days prior to the event,
I kept thinking about the presentation and feeling nervous. Maybe this is sound
exaggerate, but that’s simply what I felt. Most of the time, I always feel
nervous to talk in front of people like this, especially if I don’t prepare for
it. Due to that reason, I made a list of the things that I would presented and found
a way to make it interesting. On Saturday which is 3 days before the event, I
spent my weekend in Bandung with my family and I also hoped that this trip will
tone down my nervous. I went to Bandung for 2 days and back to Jakarta on
Sunday and it actually helped to tone down my nervous feeling for quite a bit.
After I came back to Jakarta, that nervous feeling started to kicks in again, I
guess this is just the nature of me. Another thing that helped my nervous
feeling is my class on Monday, I was just having a social interaction as usual
with my friends in class and strangely that helped. The night before the event,
I rehearsed a little bit by remembering things that I had planed before.
On to the next day, the event was
started at 01.00 PM according to the schedule. I went to the Campus D in from
Jakarta at 09.00 AM by train and my house is in Duren Sawit, Jakarta by the
way. So, I planned to have more time when I got there by went more early. It
took about 1 hour and a half to get there depending on the condition, so I got
there at somewhere between 10.30 AM I believe. I spent the time by resting in
mosque and wait until Dzuhur time. After I did Dzuhur pray, I went to the
meeting room to had lunch with other speakers and Sistem Informasi staff before the event. Apparently, the clock said
the time was 02.00 PM and the event was not even started yet. While I was
there, I met 3 others Penelitian Ilmiah
speakers and 4 Skripsi speakers. Those
people are Aldo, Clara, Risma from Penelitihan Ilmiah and Andina, Elisa, Satria
(there is one more but I forget by the way) from Skripsi. Before the event was
started, we talk a little bit about our scientific work and what kind of topic
that would be presented. After waited for like 1 hour, finally the event was started
and the time said it was 02.30 PM so we can call this really ngaret. The staff gave a briefing before
we enter the room.
On to the event, so the event was just begun
and “heck yeah…” there was a lot of people as I expected but it wasn’t 300
people I believe because there was a lot of empty chair. The moderator was calling
our name (speakers) one by one to came to the stage and apparently I was the
number one. So the event began with penelitian ilmiah speakers first and
followed by skripsi speakers. So I was the first one from them all and wow...
this butterfly in stomach effect started to rush again. I felt so nervous but I
had to start anyway, first I introduced myself and said gratitude to the
audience and the staff and I continued by presenting my scientific work on
powerpoint slides. Basically, I pretty much followed my plan when talked which
are telling the audience my scientific work, giving some tips, share my
experience, and demoing my website, but I feel like my presentation was all
over the place due to my nervous felling. So, I created a website as my
scientific work called “KuisionerMahasiswa” it is a mainly survey website that
targeted the student to give them facility in reviewing their teacher, but
there is also a student forum to talk about facility in the university. My
powerpoint slides starts with my reason to choose that as my scientific work
and my goals with the website. Before I went into more technical part in my
presentation, I shared some experience in the making process and my tips. I
think this part of sharing my experience is the more interesting one rather
than the technical part because it is easier to understand. A little bit about
my experience in making the website, I will describe it as fun and exhausting.
The fun part is when you work with the program because I find it to be
challenging to fix a problem in programming and I also learn from the very
basic level in creating this website because I didn’t have any experience or
knowledge in website programming. The exhausting part is when you have to go to
Depok just to have a meeting with your teacher/lecturer, this is really time
and energy consuming activity but you have to do it anyway. Here are some tips
that I gave during my presentation :
- Create a working group based on your type of system. For the example, I created a website system so I grouped up with some of my friends that also created website.
- When you stuck while programming, just ask your friends that have a better knowledge or simply browse it on the internet.
- If you are like me whom from the beginning don’t know anything about the environment of system that you try to create, you can start more early to learn about it. Because from my experience it will take much longer time with such condition.
- When you meet the lecturer looking for the correction or advice, make sure you understand the whole concept of your project. So when you try to communicate it to your lecturer, the will have a good understanding to the concept as well and it will leads to better (more suitable) suggestion/advice.
- Manage your time. To be honest I didn’t have good time management back then but that’s why I recommend this to you. When you have good time management, chances are your project will finish faster and you will have more time for the holiday.
After those explanation and tips, I did a demo for my website to wrapped
up the presentation. They gave us 15 minutes for each presentation, I think I
did it just around 15 minutes so it was good. The event continued by other
speakers. They all have interesting system and they seem more confident when
presented it so I was like “why did I feel so nervous? Alright, should be
better next time”. Their scientific work are various from website, augmented
reality, and desktop program for the penelitian
ilmiah. From the skripsi, there
are data mining, text mining, and virtual reality. There is one that really
stood me, it is aldo’s penelitian ilmiah.
Don’t get me wrong they are all good, but what is different from aldo’s work is
he used real data from public library. He created a website for that public
library so the reader can rate and give comment to the book that they’ve read.
For penelitian ilmiah level using
data from other institution like that is rare. In fact, to look after the
permission for getting those data from the university is quite complicated
thing to do. I really praise his passion for did such thing. Because I’m in my
last semester right now and in the process of making skripsi so I paid attention to the skripsi speakers and like I said
before most of them created either data mining or text mining. I actually also
consider data mining for my own skripsi
because there are many program on the internet that I can look up to but I still not sure. I didn’t get much about skripsi from the event maybe because
the duration but it was inspire me with more idea for my skripsi. After the event had done, I just straight went home. I
felt so tired even though I didn’t do anything else beside sat and talked.
In summary, this event is a completely new experience for me. To be
chosen as a speakers, meeting new friends, sharing our scientific work, etc. So
what do I learn on this event. First, there are some people out there in Gunadarma that has amazing passion on
what they doing. Second, It is not too bad to talk in front of many people and
I should be less overthinking about it. Third, putting more effort on things
you do can leads to better result. Even if the result itself is not always be
the main highlight, you will have more satisfaction to push yourself to create
something even better.
1.2.
THEORY AND
ANALYSIS
1. Indefinite
Pronouns
Indefinite pronouns
are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They
are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object,
being, or place to which they refer.
Indefinite pronouns
include partitives such as any, anybody, anyone, either, neither,
nobody, no, someone, and some; they also include
universals such as every, all, both, and each; finally,
they include quantifiers including any, some, several, enough,
many, and much. Many indefinite pronouns can also
function as determiners.
2. Personal
Pronoun
A personal pronoun is
a pronoun that is associated primarily with a
particular person, in the grammatical sense.
When discussing
“person” in terms of the grammatical, the following rules apply:
- First person, as in “I”
- Second person, as in “you”
- Third person, as in “It, he, she”
Comparing Subject and
Object Pronouns
Use the following
table to compare subject and object pronouns. Notice that some subject pronouns
are identical to certain object pronouns.
Subject Pronoun
|
Object Pronoun
|
It
|
It
|
You
|
You
|
What
|
What
|
I
|
Me
|
He
|
Him
|
She
|
Her
|
We
|
Us
|
Who
|
Whom
|
They
|
Them
|
3. Reflexive Pronoun
A reflexive pronoun is a type of pronoun that
is preceded by the adverb, adjective, pronoun,
or noun to which it refers, so
long as that antecedent is located within the same clause.
Reflexive Pronouns List
As you read through
the following list of reflexive pronouns, consider ways to use them in
sentences like the ones in the preceding section.
- Myself
- Yourself
- Herself
- Himself
- Itself
- Yourselves
- Ourselves
- Themselves
4. Demonstrative Pronoun
A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun that is used
to point to something specific within a sentence. These pronouns can indicate
items in space or time, and they can be either singular or plural.
When used to represent
a thing or things, demonstrative pronouns can be either near or far in distance
or time:
- Near in time or distance: this,
these
- Far in time or distance: that,
those
Because there are only
a few demonstrative pronouns in the English language, there are just three
simple rules for using them correctly. Remember them and you will have no
difficulty using these surprisingly interesting parts of speech.
- Demonstrative pronouns always identify
nouns, whether those nouns are named specifically or not. For example: “I
can’t believe this.” We have no idea what “this” is, but it’s definitely
something the writer cannot believe. It exists, even though we don’t know
what it is.
- Demonstrative pronouns are usually used to
describe animals, places, or things, however they can be used to describe
people when the person is identified, i.e., This sounds
like Mary singing.
- Do not confuse demonstrative adjectives
with demonstrative pronouns. The words are identical, but demonstrative
adjectives qualify nouns, whereas demonstrative pronouns stand alone.
Demonstrative pronouns
can be used in place of a noun, so long as the noun being replaced can be
understood from the pronoun’s context. Although this concept might seem a bit
confusing at first, the following examples of demonstrative pronouns will add
clarity.
Demonstrative Pronouns Examples
In the following
examples, demonstrative pronouns have been italicized for ease of
identification.
- This was my mother’s ring.
- That looks like the car I used to drive.
- These are nice shoes, but they look uncomfortable.
- Those look like riper than the apples on my tree.
- Such was her command over the English language.
- None of these answers are correct.
- Neither of the horses can be ridden.
5. Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are those designating possession. They may also be
used as substitutes for noun phrases, and they are typically found at the end
of a sentence or clause. There are only a few possessive pronouns in the
English language, and there are only two specific rules for using them correctly.
Keep these rules in mind when using possessive pronouns, and you’ll discover
that writing properly is easier.
A possessive pronoun is used to avoid repeating
information that has already been made clear. These useful pronouns make sentences
less confusing, as you’ll see when you read the following sentences containing
examples of possessive pronouns.
Possessive
Pronouns List
The following list of possessive pronouns is
accompanied by a list of corresponding subjects. While other subjects may be
substituted, the following examples give the possessive pronouns context.
Subject
|
Possessive Pronoun
|
It
|
Its
|
I
|
My, Mine
|
You
|
Your
|
She
|
Her, Hers
|
He
|
His
|
We
|
Our, Ours
|
They
|
Their, Theirs
|
You (plural)
|
Yours
|
A relative pronoun is
one which is used to refer to nouns mentioned
previously, whether they are people, places, things, animals, or ideas.
Relative pronouns can be used to join two sentences.
A possessive pronoun is used to avoid repeating
information that has already been made clear. These useful pronouns make sentences
less confusing, as you’ll see when you read the following sentences containing
examples of possessive pronouns.
Possessive
Pronouns List
The following list of possessive pronouns is
accompanied by a list of corresponding subjects. While other subjects may be
substituted, the following examples give the possessive pronouns context.
Subject
|
Possessive Pronoun
|
It
|
Its
|
I
|
My, Mine
|
You
|
Your
|
She
|
Her, Hers
|
He
|
His
|
We
|
Our, Ours
|
They
|
Their, Theirs
|
You (plural)
|
Yours
|
7. Interrogative Pronoun
An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun which is
used to make asking questions easy. There are just five interrogative pronouns.
Each one is used to ask a very specific question or indirect question. Some,
such as “who” and “whom,” refer only to people. Others can be used to refer to
objects or people. Once you are familiar with interrogative pronouns, you’ll
find that it’s very easy to use them in a variety of situations.
Interrogative pronouns
can also be used as relative pronouns, which may be found in
questions or indirect questions. You’ll know for certain that a pronoun is
classified as an interrogative when it’s used in an inquiring way, because
interrogative pronouns are found only in question and indirect
questions.
The five interrogative
pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose.
In some cases,
interrogative pronouns take on the suffix –ever. A few can also take on
the old-fashioned suffix –soever, which is rarely seen in writing these
days. For example:
- Whatever
- Whatsoever
- Whichever
- Whoever
- Whosoever
- Whomever
- Whomsoever
- Whosever
8. Reciprocal Pronoun
A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun which
is used to indicate that two or more people are carrying out or have carried
out an action of some type, with both receiving the benefits or consequences of
that action simultaneously. Any time something is done or given in return,
reciprocal pronouns are used. The same is true any time mutual action is
expressed.
There are only two
reciprocal pronouns. Both of them allow you to make sentences simpler. They are
especially useful when you need to express the same general idea more than
once.
- Each other
- One another
Reciprocal pronouns
are easy to use. When you want to refer to two people, you will normally use
“each other.” When referring to more than two people, for example the students
in a lecture hall, you will normally use “one another.”
Example :
- Maria and Juan gave each other gold rings on their wedding day.
- Maria and Juan kissed each other at the end of the ceremony.
- The kids spent the afternoon kicking the ball to one another.
9. Intensive Pronoun
An intensive pronoun is almost identical to
a reflexive
pronoun. It is defined as a pronoun that
ends in self or selves and places emphasis on
its antecedent by referring back to another noun or pronoun used earlier
in the sentence. For this reason, intensive pronouns are sometimes called
emphatic pronouns.
You can test a word to
see whether it’s an intensive pronoun by removing it from the sentence and
checking to see if the sentence has the same impact.
Reflexive vs.
Intensive Pronouns
You can tell the
difference between a reflexive pronoun and an intensive pronoun easily:
Intensive pronouns aren’t essential to a sentence’s basic meaning.
Understanding this basic difference will help to prevent you from confusing the
two.
Both intensive and
reflexive pronouns end in the suffix –self or –selves,
however reflexive pronouns are always objects that refer to a sentence’s
subject. The following example shows a reflexive pronoun in action:
Jim made himself coffee.
Without the reflexive
pronoun himself, it would be impossible for the reader to know who
Jim made coffee for.
In the next
example, himself is used as an intensive pronoun. The reader
would be able to understand the sentence’s complete meaning without this
pronoun, but it serves to add emphasis:
Jim made coffee for
the king himself.
Here, himself refers
to the king rather than to Jim. The reader is meant to be impressed that Jim
made coffee for the king.
Common Intensive
Pronouns
The following list
contains the most commonly used examples of intensive pronouns.
- Himself
- Herself
- Yourself
- Themselves
- Ourselves
Intensive pronouns
might not be necessary, but they serve the important function of making your
writing more interesting as well as more meaningful, particularly in formal
situations. Use them sparingly to ensure that the emphasis they provide isn’t
lost.
Example :
- Jesse wondered aloud whether he himself was the only one seeing what was happening.
- Maria knew that she herself could make a positive impact on the world, if only she put her mind to it.
- You yourself can easily transform your body: All it takes is a proper diet and plenty of exercise.
1.3. ANALYSIS
Pronouns
Type
|
Example
from my post
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
N/A
|
1.4. CONCLUSION
According to the source, pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase,
which once replaced, is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. How is this
possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can
do. A pronoun can act as a subject, direct object, indirect object, object of
the preposition, and more. There
are 9 types of pronoun. Those are Indefinite Pronouns, Personal Pronoun, Reflexive Pronoun, Demonstrative Pronoun, Possessive Pronouns, Relative Pronoun, Interrogative Pronoun,
Reciprocal Pronoun, and Intensive Pronoun. From the analysis
of my post, I use 7 types of pronoun except Reciprocal Pronoun, and Intensive Pronoun.
Business English : https://www.communicaid.com/business-language-courses/blog/what-is-business-english/
